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WILIEMS , THOMAS ([ 1545 or 1546 ]- 1622? ), of Trefriw , priest, scribe, lexicographer, and physician ; referred to by contemporaries as ‘ Sir ’ Thomas Williams and ‘ Sir ’ Thomas ap William , he generally styles himself ‘ Thomas Wiliems , physician .’ Little is known about him, apart from his work. According to his own testimony, he was born ‘at Ardhe’r Meneich , at the foot of Eryri , in the commote of Llechwedd (i.e. Arllechwedd) Isaf , Caernarvonshire ,’ but he does not mention the year of his birth. His father was Wiliam ap Thomas ap Gronwy , who claimed descent from Ednowain Bendew ; his mother was Catherine , natural daughter of Meredyth Wynn ap Evan ap Robert of Gwydir . It is probable that he received his early education at the Gwydir school ( Sir John Wynn : Memoirs , 1827 , 109); he then proceeded to Oxford . Anthony Wood says that he spent several years at Oxford , but is uncertain whether he is the Thomas Williams who graduated M.A. in 1573 from Brasenose College . ‘Afterwards,’ he adds, ‘he entered on the Physick line, but took no degree in that Faculty.’ On leaving the University he took holy orders , and a person bearing his name appears as curate at Trefriw in 1573 . Later he practised as a physician and was medical adviser to his kinsman and patron , Sir John Wynn of Gwydir . It is, however, unlikely that he studied medicine at Oxford as Wood seems to imply. His letters of advice to Sir John Wynn suggests that he was an unorthodox practitioner, in the old folk-medicine tradition, rather than a product of the Oxford faculty of Medicine . Nevertheless, he seems to have been held in high esteem as a physician , for Dr. John Davies of Mallwyd refers to him as a ‘ doctor of note among his own countrymen .’ But Roger Mostyn , Sir John Wynn 's son-in-law, writes in disparaging terms of his medical knowledge and ridicules his presumption in posing as a physician . Dr. Alexander Read , a contemporary orthodox practitioner of great repute in North Wales , and the author of several medical books , also pours scorn on his ‘ ineffectual old simples .’

According to Humphrey Humphreys , bishop of Bangor (q.v.) , Thomas Wiliems was reputed to be a papist , and was arraigned as a recusant before a bishop's court at Bangor in 1606 and before the archbishop's court in 1607 . He adds that lady Bodvel affirmed that Thomas Wiliems , having some knowledge of the Gunpowder Plot , persuaded her father, Sir John Wynn , not to attend that assembly of Parliament.

Throughout his life, Thomas Wiliems was an ardent student of Welsh literature , and a diligent collector and copyist of old manuscripts . Among the manuscripts written by him are: ‘ Prif Achau Holl Gymru Benbaladr ’ ( N.L.W. Llangibby MSS. 1 and 2 ), a copy of the Welsh Laws ( Pen. MS. 225 ), and a collection of Welsh proverbs ( Mostyn MS. 204 ). But his outstanding achievement was the compilation of a Latin-Welsh dictionary , ‘ Thesaurus Linguae Latinae et Cambrobrytannicae ,’ and it is on this that his fame chiefly rests. The work, which is in three closely-written quarto volumes, is based, in the main, on the Dictionarium Linguae Latinae et Anglicanae of Thomas Thomas , first printer to the University of Cambridge . It is a monument of industry and scholarship, and a veritable treasury of both literary and spoken Welsh . For each Latin word Thomas Wiliems gives several Welsh equivalents, and with a view to the study of the Welsh no less than the Latin language, illustrates their use by copious quotations from the manuscripts which he had perused. Writing in 1620 , he says that it took him fifty years to amass the material for the dictionary and four years to write it. It appears that Sir John Wynn undertook to see the work published, but Thomas Wiliems d. (probably in 1622 ), before any arrangements were made to do so. The manuscripts then came into Sir John 's possession and, at his request, Dr. John Davies of Mallwyd undertook to edit the dictionary . The work, however, was never published, but was used by Dr. Davies as the basis for the Latin - Welsh part of his Antiquae Linguae Britannicae Dictionarium Duplex , 1632 . The correspondence between Sir John Wynn and Dr. Davies relating to the dictionary, and preserved among the Wynn Papers , reflects very unfavourably on Dr. Davies 's treatment of Thomas Wiliems 's work.

Bibliography:

Wood , Athenae Oxonienses , 1813–20. Sometimes cited in the first (1691-2) edn ( 1691 ) i, 266;
Cambrian Register , three volumes, 1795–1818 , i ( 1795 ), 157;
Calendar of Wynn (of Gwydir) Papers, 1515–1690, in the National Library of Wales and elsewhere , 1926 ;
Reports on Manuscripts in the Welsh Language . Historical Manuscripts Commission, 1898–1910 ;
Sir John Wynn , The History of the Gwydir Family , 1927 ( 1827 ed.), 109;
[ Llenyddiaeth Cymru o 1450 hyd 1600 , 1922 , ii, 259;
on Thomas Thomas (a Londoner), see Oxford Dictionary of National Biography ]

Author:

William David Williams, Pontarddulais